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About this book: Lamentations

Lamentations is a set of five poems mourning the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple by the Babylonians. Four of the poems are acrostics, each verse or stanza beginning with the next letter of the Hebrew alphabet, as if grief is being given complete expression from beginning to end. The poems describe hunger, shame and the loss of a city once full of people. They also admit that Judah's sin played a part, and they refuse to pretend that God has nothing to do with the suffering. In the exact middle of the book, the writer turns to remember God's steadfast love, which is new every morning. The final poem is a prayer asking God to restore his people. Lamentations gives believers permission to grieve honestly before God. It models how to pray when there is no easy answer, and it keeps hope alive without hurrying past pain. Anyone walking through deep loss may also want to talk with a pastor or counselor.

Author
Unnamed in the text; Jewish and Christian tradition has long credited Jeremiah, though many scholars think an eyewitness poet or poets wrote it.
Date
Soon after Jerusalem fell in 586 BC, probably within a few decades.
Audience
The survivors of Jerusalem and the exiles, and later every community that mourns.

Themes

Honest griefSin and consequenceGod's steadfast loveHope that waitsPrayer in ruins

Outline

  1. 1:1–1:22Jerusalem alone and weeping
  2. 2:1–2:22The Lord's anger and the city's ruin
  3. 3:1–3:66One man's pain and hope
  4. 4:1–4:22The siege and its aftermath
  5. 5:1–5:22A prayer for restoration

Key verses

About this chapterJerusalem, once full of people and great among the nations, sits alone like a widow. In the first of five poems, the city weeps through the night with no one to comfort her; her friends have turned against her, her roads to Zion mourn, and her enemies have become her masters. The poet says her exile came because of her many sins, yet also cries out about the cruelty of those who plundered her. Zion herself speaks near the end, confessing that the Lord is righteous, and asks him to look at her distress and deal with her enemies.

Jerusalem, once full of people and great among the nations, sits alone like a widow. In the first of five poems, the city weeps through the night with no one to comfort her; her friends have turned against her, her roads to Zion mourn, and her enemies have become her masters. The poet says her exile came because of her many sins, yet also cries out about the cruelty of those who plundered her. Zion herself speaks near the end, confessing that the Lord is righteous, and asks him to look at her distress and deal with her enemies.

Themes

  • A city alone
  • Grief and confession
  • No one to comfort
  • Crying out to God

Key verses

Audio Bible · Lamentations 1

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Lamentations 1

Berean Standard Bible22 verses · 4 min read

1How lonely lies the city, once so full of people! She who was great among the nations has become a widow. The princess of the provinces has become a slave. 2She weeps aloud in the night, with tears upon her cheeks. Among all her lovers there is no one to comfort her. All her friends have betrayed her; they have become her enemies. 3Judah has gone into exile under affliction and harsh slavery; she dwells among the nations but finds no place to rest. All her pursuers have overtaken her in the midst of her distress. 4The roads to Zion mourn, because no one comes to her appointed feasts. All her gates are deserted; her priests groan, her maidens grieve, and she herself is bitter with anguish. 5Her foes have become her masters; her enemies are at ease. For the LORD has brought her grief because of her many transgressions. Her children have gone away as captives before the enemy. 6All the splendor has departed from the Daughter of Zion. Her princes are like deer that find no pasture; they lack the strength to flee in the face of the hunter. 7In the days of her affliction and wandering Jerusalem remembers all the treasures that were hers in days of old. When her people fell into enemy hands she received no help. Her enemies looked upon her, laughing at her downfall. 8Jerusalem has sinned greatly; therefore she has become an object of scorn. All who honored her now despise her, for they have seen her nakedness; she herself groans and turns away. 9Her uncleanness stains her skirts; she did not consider her end. Her downfall was astounding; there was no one to comfort her. Look, O LORD, on my affliction, for the enemy has triumphed! 10The adversary has seized all her treasures. For she has seen the nations enter her sanctuary— those You had forbidden to enter Your assembly. 11All her people groan as they search for bread. They have traded their treasures for food to keep themselves alive. Look, O LORD, and consider, for I have become despised. 12Is this nothing to you, all you who pass by? Look around and see! Is there any sorrow like mine, which was inflicted on me, which the LORD made me suffer on the day of His fierce anger? 13He sent fire from on high, and it overpowered my bones. He spread a net for my feet and turned me back. He made me desolate, faint all the day long. 14My transgressions are bound into a yoke, knit together by His hand; they are draped over my neck, and the Lord has broken my strength. He has delivered me into the hands of those I cannot withstand. 15The Lord has rejected all the mighty men in my midst; He has summoned an army against me to crush my young warriors. Like grapes in a winepress, the Lord has trampled the Virgin Daughter of Judah. 16For these things I weep; my eyes flow with tears. For there is no one nearby to comfort me, no one to revive my soul. My children are destitute because the enemy has prevailed. 17Zion stretches out her hands, but there is no one to comfort her. The LORD has decreed against Jacob that his neighbors become his foes. Jerusalem has become an unclean thing among them. 18The LORD is righteous, yet I rebelled against His command. Listen, all you people; look upon my suffering. My young men and maidens have gone into captivity. 19I called out to my lovers, but they have betrayed me. My priests and elders perished in the city while they searched for food to keep themselves alive. 20See, O LORD, how distressed I am! I am churning within; my heart is pounding within me, for I have been most rebellious. Outside, the sword bereaves; inside, there is death. 21People have heard my groaning, but there is no one to comfort me. All my enemies have heard of my trouble; they are glad that You have caused it. May You bring the day You have announced, so that they may become like me. 22Let all their wickedness come before You, and deal with them as You have dealt with me because of all my transgressions. For my groans are many, and my heart is faint.
Verses in Lamentations 1

Chapters of Lamentations

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