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About this book: Ecclesiastes

Ecclesiastes is the honest notebook of a teacher who has tried everything under the sun and reports what he found. Wisdom, pleasure, work, wealth and power are each tested, and each turns out to be fleeting, like breath or vapor, which is the word the book repeats. The Teacher watches injustice, sees that the wise and the foolish both die, and admits he cannot work out everything God is doing. Yet the book does not end in despair. Again and again he points to simple gifts: eating, working, enjoying a spouse and friends, all received as from God's hand. Because life is short and mysterious, he urges reverence, humility and generosity. A closing voice sums up the book by calling readers to fear God and keep his commands. Readers differ on how much of the Teacher's gloom is his own view and how much the book itself endorses, but most find in it a realistic, deeply human kind of faith.

Author
The Teacher, or Qoheleth, traditionally identified with Solomon; many scholars think a later author wrote in his voice.
Date
Uncertain: from the time of Solomon in the tenth century BC to some centuries later, depending on how one reads the language.
Audience
People in Israel who seek wisdom, and every reader who has wondered whether life has lasting meaning.

Themes

The fleeting nature of lifeThe limits of human wisdomEnjoying God's daily giftsFearing God

Outline

  1. 1:1–2:26The Teacher searches for meaning
  2. 3:1–4:16Seasons, injustice and toil
  3. 5:1–6:12Reverence, wealth and dissatisfaction
  4. 7:1–9:18Wisdom, death and living well
  5. 10:1–11:6Folly, wisdom and taking risks
  6. 11:7–12:14Youth, old age and the conclusion

Key verses

About this chapterThe Teacher, traditionally identified with Solomon, opens with the famous verdict that everything is meaningless, or vapor, like a breath. Generations come and go while the earth remains, the sun rises and sets, the wind circles, and streams flow to the sea without filling it. Nothing is truly new, and people forget those who came before. The Teacher tried to understand life through wisdom and found it a burden, a chasing after wind. Readers debate whether the tone is despair or honest realism, but the chapter sets up the book's search for what lasts.

The Teacher, traditionally identified with Solomon, opens with the famous verdict that everything is meaningless, or vapor, like a breath. Generations come and go while the earth remains, the sun rises and sets, the wind circles, and streams flow to the sea without filling it. Nothing is truly new, and people forget those who came before. The Teacher tried to understand life through wisdom and found it a burden, a chasing after wind. Readers debate whether the tone is despair or honest realism, but the chapter sets up the book's search for what lasts.

Themes

  • Life as vapor
  • Cycles of nature
  • Limits of wisdom

Key verses

Audio Bible · Ecclesiastes 1

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Ecclesiastes 1

Berean Standard Bible18 verses · 2 min read

1These are the words of the Teacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem: 2“Futility of futilities,” says the Teacher, “futility of futilities! Everything is futile!” 3What does a man gain from all his labor, at which he toils under the sun? 4Generations come and generations go, but the earth remains forever. 5The sun rises and the sun sets; it hurries back to where it rises. 6The wind blows southward, then turns northward; round and round it swirls, ever returning on its course. 7All the rivers flow into the sea, yet the sea is never full; to the place from which the streams come, there again they flow. 8All things are wearisome, more than one can describe; the eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear content with hearing. 9What has been will be again, and what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun. 10Is there a case where one can say, “Look, this is new”? It has already existed in the ages before us. 11There is no remembrance of those who came before, and those yet to come will not be remembered by those who follow after. 12I, the Teacher, was king over Israel in Jerusalem. 13And I set my mind to seek and explore by wisdom all that is done under heaven. What a miserable task God has laid upon the sons of men to occupy them! 14I have seen all the things that are done under the sun, and have found them all to be futile, a pursuit of the wind. 15What is crooked cannot be straightened, and what is lacking cannot be counted. 16I said to myself, “Behold, I have grown and increased in wisdom beyond all those before me who were over Jerusalem, and my mind has observed a wealth of wisdom and knowledge.” 17So I set my mind to know wisdom and madness and folly; I learned that this, too, is a pursuit of the wind. 18For with much wisdom comes much sorrow, and as knowledge grows, grief increases.
Verses in Ecclesiastes 1

Chapters of Ecclesiastes

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